CNC machining is crucial in modern manufacturing, involving various machine tools, materials, tools, and parameter settings. As such, engineers typically require considerable time to reach a certain proficiency in CNC machining. Below are summarized experiences related to machining processes, work sequences, tool parameter selection, and process monitoring, for your reference.

1. Division of Machining Processes

1. Tool Concentration Method: Divide processes based on the tools used, completing all possible operations on a part with the same tool to reduce tool changes and idle time.

2. Division by Machining Sections: For complex parts, segment machining into internal shapes, external shapes, etc. Generally, start with simpler geometries before moving to complex shapes.

3. Rough and Finish Machining Separation: For parts prone to deformation, separate rough and finish machining to prevent deformation affecting subsequent processes.

   
   

2. Principles for Arranging Machining Sequences

Machining sequences should adhere to the following principles:

1. The previous process should not affect the positioning and clamping of the next process.

2. Begin with internal cavity machining followed by external shape machining.

3. Connect processes using the same positioning or tool to reduce repeated positioning and tool changes.

3. Choosing Workholding Methods

When determining positioning references and clamping methods, consider:

1. Alignment of design, process, and reference standards.

2. Minimizing the number of setups to achieve complete machining in one positioning.

3. Avoiding manual adjustments in fixture design to reduce collision risks.

   
   

4. Reasonable Selection of Tool Reference Points

1. Tool reference points should be set on reference or previously machined surfaces to facilitate subsequent positioning.

2. The work coordinate system should align with the programming coordinate system to ensure machining accuracy.

5. Selection of Tool Paths

Tool paths refer to the movement trajectory of the tool relative to the workpiece. When selecting tool paths, consider:

1. Ensuring the machining accuracy requirements are met.

2. Reducing programming workload by seeking the shortest machining path.

3. Designing tool entry and exit paths to avoid leaving marks.

6. Monitoring and Adjusting the Machining Process

During automatic machining, operators should monitor the cutting process:

1. Observe changes in cutting load and adjust cutting parameters accordingly.

2. Monitor cutting sounds to identify abnormalities and make necessary adjustments.

3. During finishing, pay attention to the impact of chip buildup on surface quality, and adjust coolant spray as needed.

7. Choosing Tools and Cutting Parameters

1. Use unsharpened carbide end mills for flat milling, preferably employing a two-pass strategy.

2. Cutting parameters include cutting depth, spindle speed, and feed rate, following the principle of "shallow cuts, fast feeds."

8. The Role of the Machining Program Sheet

The machining program sheet is crucial in CNC machining, and it should include:

1. Names of drawings and programming files, workpiece names, fixture sketches, etc.

2. Details of each program's tools, maximum cutting depth, and theoretical machining time.

9. Preparations Before Programming

Before programming, familiarize yourself with:

1. The workpiece clamping method.

2. The dimensions of the raw material to determine the machining scope.

3. The material type to select appropriate tools.

10. Setting Safe Heights

Safe heights should be established above the highest machined surface to prevent collision risks.

11. Post-Processing of Tool Paths

Post-processing ensures that the program format matches the machine requirements, enabling smooth operation.

12. DNC Communication

DNC refers to directly reading programs from the control computer, suitable for large programs, avoiding limitations on storage capacity.

We hope these experiences will assist you in improving efficiency and quality in CNC machining!

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